Licorice: Benefits for Digestion, Immunity, and the Throat

What is licorice?

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a perennial plant in the Fabaceae family, native to the Mediterranean basin and Central Asia. Its root contains high concentrations of glycyrrhizin, a molecule 50 times sweeter than sucrose, along with flavonoids (liquiritin, isoliquiritin) and triterpene saponins. Listed in the European Pharmacopoeia, it is one of the oldest documented plants in herbal medicine—but remains one of the most strictly regulated due to the cardiovascular effects of glycyrrhizin.

What are the benefits of licorice root?

Its traditional uses recognized by the EMA primarily focus on two areas:

• Protection of the gastric mucosa in cases of heartburn, dyspepsia, and gastritis;
• Soothing the throat and upper respiratory tract;
• Relief from bloating and intestinal cramps;
• Supporting liver function and aiding in detoxification regimens;
• Soothing action traditionally used on sensitive skin, when applied topically.

How can licorice be used in daily life?

Dosage forms vary depending on the intended use and individual needs:

• Infusion or light decoction: 1 teaspoon of root per 250 ml of water, steep for 10 minutes, 1 to 2 cups per day maximum;
• Chewing stick: traditionally used to aid digestion andsoothe the throat; should be avoided by people with high blood pressure;
• Capsules or standardizeddry extract for a measured course of treatment;
• Syrup: for relieving dry, irritating coughs;
• Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL): a form free of glycyrrhizin, preferred for long-term use.

Why does it protect the stomach lining so effectively?

Licorice stimulates the secretion of protective mucus, increases the lifespan of the stomach’s epithelial cells, and exerts a local soothing effect. This action explains its long-standing role in the natural management of gastric discomfort and mild ulcerative conditions. Any persistent epigastric pain, black vomit, or unexplained weight loss warrants immediate medical attention.

Does licorice really relieve a sore throat and cough?

Its soothing flavonoids and saponins explain its effectiveness for sore throats, hoarseness, and irritating coughs. It is traditionally combined with marshmallow in preparations designed to soothe the upper respiratory tract. A feverish, productive, or persistent cough warrants a visit to the doctor.

What is deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL)?

DGL is a form from which glycyrrhizin has been removed through a technological process. It retains the stomach-soothing flavonoids but eliminates the risk of hypertension and hypokalemia. This is the preferred form for treatments lasting longer than two weeks, for individuals at cardiovascular risk, and for prolonged daily use to support gastric health.

What precautions should be taken with licorice?

Conventional licorice is regulated by the EFSA: do not exceed 100 mg of glycyrrhizin per day, nor take it continuously for more than 6 weeks without medical advice.

• Contraindicated in cases of hypertension, or severe heart, kidney, or liver failure;
• Caution is advised when taking antihypertensive medications, diuretics, digitalis, corticosteroids, or potassium-depleting agents;
• Not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women;
• Caution is advised for individuals on hormone therapy due to the controversy surrounding phytoestrogens; the risk-benefit ratio must be evaluated by a healthcare professional;
• Monitor blood pressure in cases of regular consumption of licorice candies, which silently contribute to sodium intake.

Which herbs can be combined with licorice?

Herbal synergies depend on the targeted condition:

• Marshmallow and plantain for the ENT system and respiratory mucous membranes;
• Chamomile and lemon balm for digestive and nervous system relief;
• Milk thistle and desmodium for liver support;
• White clay taken internally to strengthen protection of the gastric lining.