Painful joints can be a symptom of a variety of medical conditions. Among the most common causes is arthritis, an inflammation that affects one or more joints, leading to pain, swelling and reduced mobility. Osteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis, degrades joint cartilage, while rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease, attacks the lining of joints. Other causes include injuries such as fractures and sprains, infections, gout and certain metabolic diseases.
How can I relieve joint pain at home?
To relieve painful joints, several methods can be applied at home. Applying ice to the affected joint can reduce inflammation and pain. Rest is also crucial; however, moderate physical activity, such as walking or swimming, can improve mobility and strengthen the muscles surrounding the joints. Over-the-counter painkillers, such as ibuprofen or paracetamol, can offer temporary relief. Hot or cold compresses and supplements such as glucosamine and chondroitin can also help.
When should I consult a doctor?
It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional if joint pain is severe, persists for several days without improvement, or is accompanied by other worrying symptoms such as redness, swelling or warmth to the touch in the affected joint. Medical attention is imperative if joint pain significantly limits mobility, or if it occurs following an injury.
What medical treatments are available?
Treatment of painful joints depends on the underlying cause. Options include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce inflammation and pain, corticosteroids for severe inflammation, and biologic response modifiers for some forms of arthritis. Physiotherapy can improve the strength and flexibility of affected joints. In more severe cases, surgical intervention, such as joint replacement, may be necessary.
Can painful joints be prevented?
Joint pain can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Maintaining a healthy weight reduces pressure on weight-bearing joints such as the hips and knees. A balanced diet rich in fruit, vegetables and omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce inflammation. Regular exercise, with a focus on low-impact activities, strengthens the muscles that support the joints. Avoiding repetitive movements and adopting correct postures at work and in daily activities can also prevent joint pain.
What are the best exercises for painful joints?
Low-impact exercises are particularly beneficial for people with painful joints. Swimming, yoga and stationary cycling help strengthen muscles without putting excessive pressure on joints. Regular walking also improves joint mobility. It's essential to start slowly and gradually increase the intensity and duration of exercises, avoiding movements that cause pain.
How does diet influence joint pain?
A healthy diet can play a crucial role in managing painful joints. Foods rich in omega-3, such as oily fish (salmon, mackerel), walnuts and flaxseed, have anti-inflammatory properties. Fruits and vegetables, especially those rich in vitamins C and K such as citrus fruits and leafy greens, help reduce inflammation and protect cartilage. It is advisable to avoid pro-inflammatory foods, such as refined sugars, saturated fats and processed products.
What role does physiotherapy play in the treatment of painful joints?
Physiotherapy is an essential component in the management of painful joints. It aims to improve mobility, strengthen the muscles supporting the joints, and reduce pain. The physiotherapist may use manual techniques, specific exercises, and modalities such as heat, cold and electrotherapy to treat symptoms. Physiotherapy also helps prevent further joint damage and improve patients' quality of life.
Can supplements help relieve painful joints?
Certain supplements are renowned for their potential to relieve painful joints. Glucosamine and chondroitin are often used for their beneficial effect on cartilage. Fish oil, rich in omega-3, can help reduce inflammation. Turmeric and boswellin are also known for their anti-inflammatory properties. It's important to consult a doctor before starting any supplement, especially if you have existing medical conditions or are taking other medications.
How does sleep affect painful joints?
Quality sleep is vital for managing painful joints. During sleep, the body carries out repair and regeneration processes, which are crucial for people with joint conditions. Lack of sleep can increase pain perception and aggravate inflammation. Adopting a regular sleep routine, creating a comfortable sleep environment and avoiding caffeine before bedtime can improve sleep quality and, in turn, help manage joint pain.
