What is a fever?
A fever is a temporary rise in body temperature, often caused by an infection. It is generally considered a sign that the body is fighting a virus or bacteria. Doctors consider a person to have a fever when their temperature reaches or exceeds 38°C (100.4°F).
How is fever measured?
Temperature can be measured in several ways: orally, rectally, axillary (under the armpit), or using tympanic (in the ear) or forehead (on the forehead) thermometers. Rectal measurement is often considered the most accurate for young children and babies.
What are the common causes of fever?
Causes of fever include infections such as influenza, colds, COVID-19, urinary tract infections, and inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. It can also be a side effect of certain medications or a response to surgery.
What symptoms often accompany fever?
In addition to a rise in temperature, symptoms can include chills, sweating, headaches, fatigue, muscle aches and loss of appetite. In children, a high fever can sometimes lead to convulsions.
How to manage fever at home
Managing fever at home can include the use of antipyretic drugs such asibuprofen or paracetamol to reduce temperature. It's important to stay hydrated and get enough rest. If the fever persists for more than three days, or is accompanied by severe symptoms, it is advisable to consult a doctor.
When should I consult a doctor about a fever?
It is recommended to consult a health professional if fever exceeds 39°C (102°F), if it lasts more than 72 hours, or if it is accompanied by symptoms such as skin rash, breathing difficulties, confusion, persistent vomiting, or acute pain.
Can fever be prevented?
Preventing fever is often linked to preventing the infections that cause it. This includes regular hand-washing, appropriate vaccination, and maintaining good general hygiene. Avoiding close contact with sick people can also reduce the risk of fever.
Fever in children: what do you need to know?
In children, fever can be an important indicator of illness. It is crucial to monitor other signs such as behavior, appetite and activity. Parents need to know the correct way to measure temperature, and when it's essential to contact a paediatrician.
Is it possible to have a fever without being ill?
It is possible to have a temporary rise in body temperature without suffering from an infection. Factors such as overwork, stress, dehydration, excessive exposure to the sun or even a reaction to certain foods or medications can cause what is known as a non-infectious fever. It's important to identify the underlying cause for appropriate management.
Is fever different in the elderly?
In the elderly, fever may be less pronounced even in the presence of a serious infection. Due to age-related physiological changes, body temperature may naturally be lower, making the diagnosis of fever less obvious. This calls for special attention, as a small increase may indicate a serious infection in the elderly.
What are the risks of a very high fever?
An extremely high fever, often over 40°C (104°F), can be dangerous and requires immediate medical attention. It can lead to complications such as dehydration, altered consciousness and, in extreme cases, neurological damage. Prompt management is crucial to prevent these risks.
How does fever affect metabolism?
Fever accelerates basal metabolism, increasing oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. This can lead to more rapid exhaustion, and requires an increase in fluid intake to compensate for the loss of fluids due to increased sweating. Nutrition must also be adjusted to meet the body's growing energy requirements.
Are there any natural remedies for fever?
While the effectiveness of natural remedies can vary, some can help manage fever symptoms.Hydration is essential; drinking plenty of water or liquids such as herbal teas can help. Cold compresses applied to the forehead or throbbing areas can also help reduce temperature. However, it's important not to overuse cold or icy baths, as they can cause shivering, which will raise the internal temperature.
