What is eczema?
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition that causes redness, itching and rashes. It is often seen in early childhood, but can affect people of any age. The condition is due to an altered skin barrier and an over-reaction of the immune system. Symptoms can range from slight redness to severe eruptions that disrupt daily life.
What causes eczema?
Although the exact causes of eczema are not fully understood, several factors are known to contribute to its development, including genetics, environmental allergens such as pollen and dust mites, stress, and irritants such as soaps and detergents. Changes in temperature and humidity can also exacerbate symptoms.
How is eczema diagnosed?
The diagnosis of eczema is primarily clinical, made by a dermatologist through examination of the patient's symptoms and medical history. Additional tests, such as allergy tests, may be carried out to identify triggering factors or rule out other diseases with similar symptoms.
What treatments are available for eczema?
Eczema treatment aims to moisturize the skin, reduce inflammation and prevent new flare-ups. Options include:
What are the best daily care practices for eczema sufferers?
Eczema sufferers should adopt a skincare routine that minimizes skin dryness and irritation:
Can eczema be cured?
At present, there is no definitive cure for eczema, but many patients can effectively manage their symptoms and lead a normal life with the right treatment and lifestyle adjustments. The key is to tailor treatment and advice to individual triggers and reaction.
Is eczema contagious?
No, eczema is not a contagious disease. You cannot contract eczema through contact with an affected person.
Are there any recent advances in the treatment of eczema?
Yes, research into eczema is very active and significant advances have been made, particularly in biological therapies targeting specific inflammatory pathways. These treatments offer new hope for the most severe cases that are resistant to traditional treatments.
How does eczema affect quality of life?
Eczema can have a significant impact on quality of life, leading to sleep disturbance, discomfort in daily activities, and increased stress or anxiety. Psychological support and support groups can be beneficial in managing the emotional aspects of the disease.
Can eczema be triggered by environmental factors?
Yes, eczema can be triggered by a variety of environmental factors, such as allergens like pollen, dust mites and molds. Climate change, exposure to irritating chemicals and environmental stress can also aggravate eczema symptoms in predisposed individuals.
What is the link between eczema and diet?
Certain foods can trigger or aggravate eczema symptoms in some people. Common food allergens include dairy products, eggs, peanuts, nuts, soy, wheat and fish. It is advisable to keep a food diary to identify foods that may be associated with eczema flare-ups, and to consult an allergist or nutritionist for personalized advice.
Can eczema affect other parts of the body besides the skin?
Yes, in some cases, eczema can affect other parts of the body besides the skin. People with atopic eczema may develop complications such as eyelid eczema, lip eczema, or secondary skin infections due to persistent rashes and excessive scratching.
What are the risks associated with prolonged use of topical corticosteroids for eczema?
Prolonged use of topical corticosteroids to treat eczema can lead to side effects such as thinning of the skin, formation of stretch marks, dilation of blood vessels, and increased susceptibility to skin infections. It's important to follow your doctor's instructions and use these drugs with caution and moderation.
Are there any natural remedies or alternative therapies for eczema?
Some eczema sufferers opt for natural remedies or alternative therapies to relieve their symptoms. These may include the use of natural oils such as coconut oil or sweet almond oil, colloidal oatmeal baths, meditation and stress management, as well as homeopathic or herbal treatments. It is advisable to discuss these options with a healthcare professional before trying them.
