What is the respiratory system, and how does it work?
The respiratory system is the collection of organs and structures responsible for gas exchange between the body and the environment: supplying oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide (gas exchange). It constitutes a continuous physiological system, from the nostrils to the pulmonary alveoli, protected by multiple mechanical, mucociliary, and immune barriers. Supplements and care products for the respiratory system are available in the respiratory system section of the store.
- Upper respiratory tract: nostrils (particle filtration, humidification, and thermoregulation of the air) — pharynx and larynx (aerodigestive junction) — paranasal sinuses — see respiratory tract care products
- Lower respiratory tract: trachea — main, lobar, and segmental bronchi (bronchial tree, mucociliary clearance) — terminal and respiratory bronchioles
- Pulmonary parenchyma: pulmonary alveoli — alveolar-capillary membrane (total surface area: 70 to 80 m²) — gas exchange by passive diffusion (O₂ into the blood, CO₂ into exhaled air)
- Respiratory muscles: diaphragm (primary) — intercostal muscles — accessory muscles activated during exertion or respiratory distress
What diseases affect the respiratory system, and how can they be recognized?
Respiratory disorders encompass a broad spectrum ranging from mild seasonal ailments to severe chronic conditions. Early recognition of warning signs is essential to prevent the progression to severe forms.
- Common acute conditions: rhinitis and ENT infections — acute bronchitis (90% viral) — pneumonia — influenza — COVID-19
- Chronic diseases: asthma (bronchial hyperreactivity, 4 million people in France) — COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease — 3.5 million, 80% linked to smoking) — emphysema — pulmonary fibrosis
- Main risk factors: active and passive smoking (Tabac Info Service: 3989—the main modifiable factor)—air pollution (fine particulate matter PM2.5, NO₂, ozone)—allergens (dust mites, pollen, mold, animal dander) — recurrent viral and bacterial infections — genetic predispositions (alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, cystic fibrosis)
- Symptoms requiring medical attention: persistent cough lasting > 3 weeks — unusual exertional dyspnea — wheezing — chest pain — hemoptysis (blood in sputum) — SpO₂ < 95% on pulse oximeter
How can you maintain respiratory health?
The prevention of respiratory diseases relies on modifiable factors with documented benefits. Daily respiratory comfort can be maintained through simple lifestyle habits and targeted supplements.
- Smoking cessation: the primary preventive measure — reduces the risk of COPD, lung cancer, and recurrent respiratory infections as early as the first few weeks after quitting — Tobacco Info Service: 3989 (toll-free, 7 days a week)
- Indoor air quality: air out the room for 10 minutes in the morning and evening — ensure heating and cooking systems meet safety standards — avoid VOCs (volatile organic compounds: paints, cleaners) — maintain indoor humidity at 40–60% — use HEPA air purifiers for severe allergies
- Physical exercise: 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity activity (WHO) strengthens respiratory muscles, improves lung capacity, and reduces the risk of obesity—swimming and endurance sports are particularly beneficial for respiratory function
- Protective nutrition: omega-3 EPA-DHA (documented anti-inflammatory effects on the lungs) — vitamin C and vitamin D3 (immune modulation — deficiency is very common in our latitudes) — antioxidants (polyphenols, carotenoids) that protect lung tissue against oxidative stress
- Annual flu and pneumococcal vaccinations according to the recommendations of the French National Authority for Health (HAS) — particularly important for at-risk individuals (over 65, people with asthma, COPD, and those who are immunocompromised)
