Osteoarthritis, also known as osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint disease resulting from the progressive wearing away of articular cartilage. It mainly affects middle-aged and older people, but can also occur in young people as a result of joint injury or certain medical conditions. The symptoms are pain, stiffness and reduced mobility in the affected joint.
What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?
The symptoms of osteoarthritis vary according to the affected joint and the stage of the disease. The most common signs include joint pain, stiffness, especially in the morning or after a period of inactivity, reduced mobility, localized swelling, and in some cases, the formation of bone nodules near the affected joint.
Which joints are generally affected by osteoarthritis?
Although osteoarthritis can affect any joint, it most commonly affects the knees, hips, spine and small finger joints. Weight-bearing joints, such as the knees and hips, are particularly susceptible to osteoarthritis due to the additional stress resulting from body weight.
How is osteoarthritis diagnosed?
Diagnosis of osteoarthritis is based on a thorough clinical examination, supplemented by X-rays to observe changes in the joint. Blood tests may also be carried out to rule out other conditions that may present similar symptoms. In some cases, an MRI scan may be required for a more detailed assessment.
What treatment options are available for osteoarthritis?
While there is no cure for osteoarthritis, several options can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. These options include anti-inflammatory drugs, painkillers, physiotherapy, and in more advanced cases, surgery to replace the damaged joint. Lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss and regular exercise, can also reduce pain and improve joint function.
Can osteoarthritis be prevented?
Although it is difficult to prevent osteoarthritis entirely, adopting a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of developing the disease. This includes maintaining a healthy weight, taking regular and appropriate exercise, avoiding joint injuries and eating a balanced diet rich in nutrients essential for joint health.
Is osteoarthritis a hereditary disease?
Osteoarthritis can sometimes have a genetic component, meaning that it can be passed on in certain families. However, this is not always the case. Genetic factors can influence susceptibility to developing osteoarthritis, but other factors such as lifestyle, joint injuries and aging also play an important role in the development of this disease.
How can exercise help relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis?
Regular exercise can help relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis by strengthening the muscles around the joints, improving mobility and reducing pain. Activities such as swimming, cycling and walking can be particularly beneficial, as they are gentle on the joints while providing a good cardiovascular workout.
How important is maintaining a healthy weight for people with osteoarthritis?
Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for people with osteoarthritis, asexcess weight puts extra pressure on the joints, which can worsen symptoms and accelerate disease progression. Losing even just a few kilos can lead to a significant reduction in joint pain and discomfort.
What are the alternatives to surgery for advanced osteoarthritis?
For people with advanced osteoarthritis who do not wish to undergo surgery, there are several alternatives. These alternatives include corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections to relieve pain and inflammation, as well as complementary medicine treatments such as acupuncture and chiropractic.
Can osteoarthritis affect sleep quality?
Yes, osteoarthritis can affect sleep quality. The pain and joint discomfort associated with the disease can make it difficult for sufferers to find a comfortable sleeping position, which can lead to sleep disorders such as insomnia. Effective pain management and strategies to promote restful sleep can help alleviate this problem.
