Gastric acidity, a common medical condition affecting a large number of individuals worldwide, manifests itself as a burning sensation in the chest or upper abdomen, due to the reflux of acids from the stomach into the esophagus. This pathology, often referred to as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), can greatly alter the quality of life of those affected. The causes of this condition are multiple, including dietary, behavioral and physiological factors, making its management a complex challenge requiring a holistic approach.
What is gastric acidity and what are its main causes?
Gastric acidity, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a condition where gastric juices, containing mainly hydrochloric acid, back up into the esophagus. This can cause an unpleasant burning sensation, often described as heartburn. The main causes of this condition include an unbalanced diet rich in fatty, spicy or acidic foods, excessive consumption of caffeine or alcohol, smoking, stress, and certain medications. A weakened lower esophageal sphincter also plays a crucial role in the onset of gastric acidity, as it allows acids to rise more easily.
How can gastric acidity be prevented?
To preventgastric acidity, we recommend adopting a balanced diet and limiting consumption of foods and beverages that can irritate the stomach, such as spicy, acidic foods, soft drinks, coffee and alcohol. It is also advisable to eat smaller meals more frequently, not to lie down immediately after eating, and to maintain a healthy weight. Quitting smoking and reducing stress are other important measures to take to reduce the risk of developing gastric acidity.
What are the symptoms of gastric acidity?
The most common symptoms ofgastric acidity include a burning sensation in the chest or throat, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, increased salivation, bad breath, dental erosion and, in some cases, coughing or hoarseness. These symptoms may worsen after meals or during the night.
What treatment options are available?
Treatment ofgastric acidity may vary according to the severity and frequency of symptoms. Options include lifestyle and dietary modifications, the use of antacid medications to neutralize stomach acid, H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce acid production. In more severe cases, surgery may be considered to strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter.
What's the difference between gastric acidity and gastric ulcer?
Gastric acidity andgastric ulcer are two distinct gastrointestinal conditions, although they can present similar symptoms. Gastric acidity is mainly characterized by the reflux of acids from the stomach into the esophagus, causing burning sensations. A gastric ulcer, on the other hand, is an open lesion or wound that forms on the inner lining of the stomach or duodenum, often due to erosion caused by stomach acids. Gastric ulcers can cause acute pain and are usually the result of infection by the Helicobacter pylori bacterium or prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Can gastric acid be permanently cured?
Although there is no definitive cure for gastric acidity, many patients can effectively manage their symptoms and reduce the frequency of episodes byand reduce the frequency of episodes through lifestyle and dietary modifications, and the appropriate use of medication. Avoiding food triggers, maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption are key steps to controlling gastric acidity. Medications, such as antacids and proton pump inhibitors, can also help manage symptoms over the long term.
Can dietary changes really help manage gastric acidity?
Yes, dietary changes play a crucial role in managing stomach acid. Adopting a diet rich in vegetables, fruits (non-acidic), whole grains and lean proteins can reduce the severity of symptoms. Avoid fatty, spicy foods, soft drinks, coffee and acidic foods such as tomatoes and citrus fruits, which can aggravate symptoms. Eating frequent small meals instead of large ones, and avoiding eating just before bedtime, can also help reduce reflux.
Are there any natural remedies for stomach acid?
Certain natural remedies can help relieve the symptoms of gastric acidity. Ginger, known for its gastroprotective properties, can be taken in small quantities to soothe the stomach. Baking soda (diluted in water) can act as a natural antacid, although it should be used with caution to avoid over-consumption of sodium. Aloe vera, consumed in juice form, can help reduce inflammation of the esophagus. However, it's important to consult a healthcare professional before resorting to natural remedies, especially if you're already undergoing medical treatment.
How does stress affect gastric acidity?
Stress is a significant factor that can exacerbate symptoms of gastric acidity. Although the direct link between stress and increased gastric acid production is not fully understood, it is recognized that stress can worsen GERD symptoms by relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing acids to rise more easily. In addition, stress can encourage behaviors that contribute to gastric acidity, such as poor diet, alcohol abuse and smoking. Managing stress through meditation, exercise and other relaxation techniques can therefore help reduce symptoms of gastric acidity.
