What is atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by the thickening and hardening of arterial walls, resulting from the accumulation of plaques composed of lipids, cholesterol, calcium and other substances in the arteries. This condition can reduce blood flow and cause a variety of serious health problems, such as heart disease, stroke and peripheral arterial disease.
What causes atherosclerosis?
The causes of atherosclerosis include a diet high in saturated fats and cholesterol, smoking, a sedentary lifestyle, high blood pressure, diabetes and obesity. Genetics also play a role in susceptibility to this disease.
How can atherosclerosis be prevented?
To prevent atherosclerosis, we recommend a balanced diet rich in fruit, vegetables, whole grains and omega-3 fatty acids. Regular exercise,quitting smoking, managing stress and maintaining a healthy weight are also crucial. Regular monitoring of blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels is also important.
What are the symptoms of atherosclerosis?
The symptoms of atherosclerosis can be silent for a long time, and only become apparent when blood flow becomes significantly reduced. Symptoms vary according to the arteries affected, but can include chest pain (angina), leg pain on walking, shortness of breath, extreme fatigue, and in severe cases, stroke or heart attack.
How is atherosclerosis diagnosed?
Atherosclerosis can be diagnosed through various tests, such as blood tests to measure cholesterol levels, Doppler ultrasound to assess blood flow, angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT scan) to visualize the extent of deposits in the arteries.
What treatments are available?
Treatments for atherosclerosis aim to reduce symptoms and prevent disease progression. They can include lifestyle modifications, medication to lower cholesterol and blood pressure and prevent blood clotting, and surgical interventions such as angioplasty and coronary bypass surgery to restore blood flow.
What is the link between cholesterol and atherosclerosis?
Cholesterol plays a central role in the development of atherosclerosis. LDL cholesterol, often referred to as "bad cholesterol", can accumulate in artery walls, forming atherosclerotic plaques that reduce blood flow. High levels of LDL cholesterol and low levels of HDL ("good") cholesterol are major risk factors for atherosclerosis. Managing cholesterol levels is therefore crucial to preventing or slowing the progression of this disease.
Can atherosclerosis be reversed?
It is difficult to completelyreverse atherosclerosis once plaque deposits have formed in the arteries. However, it is possible to slow, halt or even partially reduce the progression of the disease through significant lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthy diet, exercising regularly, stopping smoking and effectively managing underlying conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. In some cases, medication and surgery can also help improve blood flow and reduce the risk of complications.
How does diet influence atherosclerosis?
Diet has a major impact on the risk of atherosclerosis. A diet rich in saturated fats, cholesterol and calories can raise blood cholesterol levels, promoting the formation of plaque in the arteries. Conversely, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, fiber and omega-3 fatty acids can help lower cholesterol levels, control blood pressure and reduce inflammation, thereby reducing the risk of developing atherosclerosis.
How important is exercise in managing atherosclerosis?
Regularphysical exercise is essential to prevent and manage atherosclerosis. It helps improve cardiovascular health by lowering blood pressure, raising HDL cholesterol levels and improving blood circulation. Exercise also helps to control weight, reduce the risk of diabetes and lower inflammation in the body. At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week is recommended.
What drug treatments are available for atherosclerosis?
Drug treatments for atherosclerosis are primarily aimed at reducing risk factors and preventing complications. They may include statins to reduce cholesterol levels, anti-hypertensive drugs to control blood pressure, anti-diabetic drugs to manage diabetes and anti-platelet drugs to prevent blood clots. The choice of medication depends on the patient's overall health and specific risk factors. Regular follow-up with a healthcare professional is essential to adjust treatment as required.
