What is hallux valgus and what are its main causes?
Hallux valgus, commonly known as a bunion, is a foot deformity characterized by a lateral deviation of the big toe towards the other toes. This pathology mainly affects the base of the big toe, resulting in a bony, often painful prominence on the medial side of the foot.
The causes of hallux valgus are varied, but the most commonly identified factors include genetics, muscle imbalances,joint wear and inappropriate footwear. Women are statistically more affected than men, in part due to high-heeled shoes with a narrow forefoot.
How is hallux valgus diagnosed?
The diagnosis of hallux valgus is primarily clinical. A health specialist, often a podiatrist or orthopedist, will examine the foot and assess the angle of deviation of the big toe. X-rays may be necessary to determine the degree of deformity and plan appropriate treatment.
What treatment options are available for hallux valgus?
Treatment options for hallux valgus vary according to the severity of the condition and the symptoms presented by the patient. Non-surgical treatments include the use offoot orthoses, adapted footwear, and muscle-strengthening and stretching exercises. Anti-inflammatory drugs may also be prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation.
In more severe cases, surgery may be required. Several techniques can be used, such as osteotomy, which involves realigning the bones of the foot, or bunionectomy, which involves removing the bony prominence.
What preventive measures can be taken to avoid the development or progression of hallux valgus?
To prevent the onset or aggravation of hallux valgus, we recommend wearing comfortable shoes with sufficient space for the toes and adequate foot support. Avoiding high heels and pointed shoes can also reduce the risk. In addition, regular exercise to strengthen the feet and improve flexibility can be beneficial.
What are the early signs of hallux valgus?
Early signs of hallux valgus may include a slight deviation of the big toe towards the other toes, often accompanied by a sensation of pain or discomfort around the big toe joint. A bony lump may begin to form on the inner side of the foot. Symptoms may worsen with the wearing of narrow shoes or high-heeled shoes. It's important to consult a specialist at the earliest signs to prevent the condition from worsening.
Is hallux valgus reversible without surgery?
Once developed, hallux valgus is generally not reversible without surgery, especially if the deformity is advanced. However, non-surgical treatments can help relieve pain and prevent the deformity from worsening. These treatments include adjustments in footwear choice, the use of orthopedic devices such as orthotics, and specific exercises to strengthen foot muscles and maintain joint mobility.
What impact does hallux valgus have on daily activities?
The impact of hallux valgus on daily activities can be significant, especially if pain is present. Affected individuals may have difficulty walking, standing for long periods or wearing certain types of footwear. Activities requiring repetitive foot movements or pressure on the forefoot can become particularly uncomfortable. Adapting the type of footwear and incorporating regular breaks to relieve foot pressure can help manage these impacts.
What are the differences between hallux valgus and hallux rigidus?
Hallux valgus and hallux rigidus are two distinct conditions affecting the big toe. Hallux valgus involves a lateral deviation of the big toe, with the possible formation of a bump on the side of the foot. Hallux rigidus, on the other hand, is characterized by stiffness of the big toe joint, often accompanied by pain. This condition is usually caused by arthritis in the joint, which limits movement and can be extremely painful during activities involving flexion of the big toe.
Are there any support groups for hallux valgus sufferers?
Yes, there are support groups for hallux valgus sufferers. These groups can offer emotional support, share practical advice on managing pain and daily life, and provide information on treatment options. These communities can be found online, enabling members to share experiences and resources, or through specialist podiatry or orthopedic clinics. Participating in a support group can help those affected to better manage their condition and feel less isolated in their experience.
