What are suppositories and how are they used?
A suppository is a solid form of medication designed to be inserted into the rectum, vagina or urethra. Once inserted, the suppository dissolves or melts at body temperature, releasing the medication which is then absorbed by the body's mucous membranes. This method of administration is particularly useful for patients who have difficulty swallowing medication, or for those who require rapid drug action.
What are the main advantages of suppositories?
Suppositories offer several significant advantages: they enable rapid absorption of drugs, avoid enzymatic degradation of the drug in the digestive system, and can be used in patients suffering from vomiting or unable to ingest drugs orally. In addition, they are often used for their local effects, as in the treatment of hemorrhoids or vaginal infections.
What types of medication are administered in suppository form?
Various medications can be administered via suppositories, including analgesics, anti-inflammatories, anti-nausea drugs and treatments for infections. Suppositories are also commonly used to administer laxatives and painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen.
How should suppositories be stored?
It's crucial to store suppositories in a cool place, often below 25°C, to prevent them from melting before use. They should be kept in their original packaging and out of the reach of children. Some suppositories even need to be kept refrigerated, so it's essential to check the specific instructions on the packaging or consult a pharmacist.
Are there any side effects associated with suppositories?
As with any form of medication, suppositories can cause side effects, although these are generally mild and transient. The most common effects include local irritation, itching or burning at the site of insertion. More serious reactions are rare, but require immediate medical attention.
How do I insert a suppository correctly?
Suppository insertion varies slightly depending on whether the suppository is to be inserted rectally, vaginally or urethrally. For rectal suppositories, it's best to lie on your side with your knees bent towards your chest, gently insert the pointed suppository first with your finger, then lie still for a few minutes to allow the medicine to dissolve properly. For vaginal or urethral forms, specific instructions must be followed.
Why are certain medications preferred in suppository rather than tablet form?
Some medical conditions require rapid or local absorption of the drug, which can be better achieved with suppositories. For example, for patients who have difficulty keeping substances in the stomach due to vomiting, or for those who require an immediate effect, as in the case of severe pain or epileptic seizures, suppositories offer an effective alternative. What's more, they bypass hepatic first-pass metabolism, allowing greater bioavailability of the drug.
Are suppositories safe for all ages?
Suppositories are used in patients of all ages, from infants to the elderly. However, it is crucial to follow age-specific dosages and instructions provided by healthcare professionals to avoid any risk of overdosing or irritation. For young children, pediatric suppositories are specially formulated to be gentle and safe to use.
How are suppositories made?
Suppositories are generally made by combining the active drug with a melting base such as glycerine or a polyethylene glycol ester. The preparation is then poured into molds to form the suppository. Once solidified, the suppositories are packaged and sterilized to guarantee their safety and efficacy. Bases are chosen for their ability to melt or dissolve at body temperature, or to react with body fluids.
Can I use suppositories if I'm allergic to certain medications?
People allergic to certain drugs should consult a doctor before using suppositories containing these drugs. It is also important to check the excipients included in the suppository formulation, as certain additives or bases can cause allergic reactions. A discussion with a pharmacist or doctor can help identify the safest products based on medical history and known allergies.
What are the recommendations for hygiene when using suppositories?
Proper hygiene is crucial when inserting suppositories to avoid infections, especially in sensitive areas such as the rectum or vagina. Wash your hands thoroughly before and after inserting the suppository. The use of disposable gloves may also be considered to maintain cleanliness and avoid direct contamination. Make sure the insertion area is clean, and follow specific insertion instructions to reduce the risk of irritation or infection.
