What is sun protection and why is it essential?
Sun protection refers to the methods used to protect the skin against damage caused by the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays. There are two main types of UV rays: UVA rays, which can penetrate deep into the skin and are mainly responsible for skin aging, and UVB rays, which are mainly associated with sunburn. Effective protection against these rays is crucial in preventing skin cancer, premature aging and other forms of skin damage.
How to choose the right sun protection product?
To choose the right sun protection product, we recommend looking at the sun protection factor (SPF), which measures the product's ability to block UVB rays. An SPF of 30 or more is generally recommended for effective protection. It's also important to choose a "broad-spectrum" product that offers both UVA and UVB protection. Water-resistant formulations are preferable for aquatic activities or when perspiring heavily.
How much sun cream should I apply, and how often?
It's advisable to apply sunscreen generously to all exposed parts of the skin. An average adult should use around 35 ml of sunscreen to cover the whole body. An application should be made 30 minutes before exposure to the sun to allow absorption, then every two hours and after each swim or excessive perspiration.
Are natural sunscreens as effective as chemical ones?
Sun protection products fall into two categories: chemical and physical. Chemical filters absorb UV rays before they reach the skin, while physical filters (such as zinc oxide or titanium dioxide) reflect and disperse UV rays. Physical formulas, often considered natural, are generally gentler on the skin and less likely to cause irritation. They are particularly recommended for sensitive skin and children.
How can I effectively protect children from the sun?
As children's skin is more fragile, it's essential to use products specifically formulated for them, with high SPF and broad-spectrum protection. It's also advisable to limit their direct exposure to the sun, especially during its peak hours (between 10am and 4pm). Wide-brimmed hats, covering clothing and sunglasses are also recommended for extra protection.
Does make-up with SPF offer sufficient protection?
Although some make-up products contain a sun protection factor, their coating is often too thin to offer sufficient protection against UV rays. So it's best to use a sunscreen under make-up for optimum protection. Don't rely on cosmetics alone to protect you from the sun.
What's the difference between SPF 30, SPF 50 and SPF 100?
The SPF, or sun protection factor, indicates the level of protection offered against UVB rays. SPF 30 blocks around 97% of UVB rays, while SPF 50 blocks around 98% and SPF 100 around 99%. It's important to note that no sunscreen can block 100% of UVB rays. For most people, SPF 30 is sufficient, but a higher SPF may be necessary for prolonged exposure to the sun, or for skin particularly sensitive to sunburn.
Do sunscreens expire? How do I know when to replace them?
Yes, sunscreens do expire. The typical lifespan of a sunscreen is three years. It's important to check the expiry date on the packaging. If no date is indicated, note the date of purchase. Signs of degradation include changes in color, consistency or separation of ingredients. A degraded sunscreen will not provide adequate protection.
Is it necessary to use sunscreen even on overcast days?
Yes, it is necessary to use sunscreen even on overcast days, as up to 80% of UV rays can penetrate through clouds. UVA rays, which contribute to skin ageing and the risk of cancer, are present all year round, regardless of climate or season. A daily application of sunscreen helps protect against these effects.
What are the risks of tanning beds and lamps?
Tanning lamps and beds emit mainly UVA rays, with varying amounts of UVB, both of which can cause skin damage. Using these devices increases the risk of developing skin cancer, including melanoma, the most dangerous of all skin cancers. Exposure to artificial UV can also accelerate skin aging, causing wrinkles and loss of elasticity.
How can I protect my skin when taking photosensitizing drugs?
Some medications can increase your skin's sensitivity to the sun, known as photosensitivity, leading to reactions such as rashes, burns or other forms of skin damage. If you are taking photosensitizing medication, increase your sun protection by using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF, wearing protective clothing and limiting your exposure to the sun during peak hours. Always consult your physician or pharmacist to understand the implications of any medication you are taking.
