What is an oximeter and how does it work?
A pulse oximeter, commonly known as an oximeter, is a non-invasive medical device used to measure blood oxygen saturation (SpO2). This small electronic device is usually clipped onto a finger, but can also be attached to the ear or foot, especially in infants. The oximeter works by emitting beams of light through a small prism at the end of the device, making it possible to measure the amount of oxygen in the blood by analyzing changes in the color of the blood according to its oxygen content.
What are the advantages of using an oximeter?
The use of an oximeter offers several advantages, not least its ability to provide a rapid and accurate reading of oxygen saturation, which is crucial for patients suffering from respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and COVID-19. It is also essential when monitoring patients postoperatively or during treatments requiring blood oxygenation monitoring.
How do I read the results displayed on an oximeter?
When you use an oximeter, the device generally displays two figures: the first is SpO2, which indicates the percentage of hemoglobin in oxygen-saturated blood, and the second is the heart rate. A normal SpO2 level is between 95% and 100%. Values below 95% may require medical attention, especially if accompanied by symptoms such as wheezing, fatigue or excessive pallor.
Can the oximeter detect COVID-19?
Although theoximeter is not a diagnostic tool for COVID-19, it can help monitor oxygen levels in the blood, which is crucial for patients with this disease, particularly those who develop a severe form impacting respiratory function. A sudden drop in oxygen saturation may be a sign of deterioration requiring urgent medical intervention.
What precautions should I take when using an oximeter?
To obtain accurate measurements with an oximeter, certain precautions must be taken: make sure the device is used in a temperature-stable environment, that the finger is properly inserted into the device, and that there is no nail polish or tattoos that could interfere with the measurements. In addition, the patient must remain motionless during the measurement to avoid movement-related errors.
Is it possible to use an oximeter on a newborn baby?
The use of an oximeter on a newborn is not only possible, but also recommended in certain clinical situations. For infants, it's best to use an oximeter with a sensor specially designed to be soft and secure, often attached to the foot because of the small size of babies' fingers. This device can be used to monitor oxygen levels in premature newborns or those with medical conditions requiring continuous monitoring.
What's the difference between a pulse oximeter and a CO2 monitor?
Although both devices are used to monitor vital functions, the pulse oximeter measures blood oxygen saturation, while the CO2 monitor (capnograph) is used to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide in exhaled air. The latter is crucial in surgical settings, or in mechanically ventilated patients, to assess the effectiveness of breathing and ventilation.
Can an oximeter be used for sporting activities?
Athletes, particularly those involved in high-altitude sports or high-intensity training, often use an oximeter to monitor their SpO2. The device helps ensure that their oxygen levels remain adequate during exercise, which can prevent the risks associated with hypoxia and optimize sports performance by adjusting training intensity according to oxygen saturation readings.
How do I maintain and clean an oximeter?
To maintain the oximeter's accuracy and durability, it's essential to clean and maintain it regularly. Use a soft cloth lightly moistened with isopropyl alcohol to clean the surface of the device, especially the sensor where the finger is inserted. Avoid using strong solvents or immersing the device in water. It is also advisable to check the condition of the batteries periodically, and replace them if necessary, to ensure reliable readings.
Can we rely entirely on oximeter readings?
Although oximeters offer generally reliable and accurate measurements of oxygen saturation, certain factors can affect their accuracy, such as the presence of external colorants (nail polish), ambient light, excessive movement of the subject, or circulatory disorders. It is therefore important to consider these aspects when using the device, and to consult a healthcare professional to interpret results correctly, especially if abnormal readings or worrying symptoms are observed.
